Comparative Analysis Of Anti- Cartel Enforcement In China And Pakistan

Abstract

Cartels are some of the worst violations of competition rules by dividing markets, limiting production, or fixing prices, distorting markets, and harming consumers. This study compares and contrasts China's and Pakistan's anti-cartel enforcement systems, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each country's institutional strength and legal system. Based on a review of important laws like Pakistan's Competition Act 2010 and China's Anti-Monopoly Law, this paper investigates the influence of leniency programs, sanctions, and investigative processes in reducing cartel activity. The study also explores how various institutional and economic conditions have influenced enforcement tactics and results. The study also mentions improving the efficiency of anti-cartel enforcement in Pakistan in light of these revelations.

Keywords: Anti-cartel enforcement, Comparative analysis, Leniency programs, Competition law in China and Pakistan, Cartel penalties and sanctions.