The Role Of Cortisol As A Neuroendocrine Marker In Fertility Among Pakistani Married Couples Exploring The Impact Of Stress Hormones On Reproductive Outcomes

Abstract

This study explains that infertility is not only a medical issue but also a psychological and social problem that affects couples’ emotional well-being. Stress plays an important role in fertility, and cortisol, a stress hormone, can influence reproductive health.The aim of this qualitative study was to understand how married couples in Pakistan experience stress and cortisol when facing fertility problems. An interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA) was used, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 participants (15 married couples).The results showed that many participants experienced long-term stress, which they believed affected their hormonal balance and reduced their chances of having children. Participants also viewed cortisol as a hormone that increases with stress and negatively impacts fertility.Differences between men and women were also observed. Women reported more emotional stress, self-blame, and social pressure, while men talked about hidden stress related to responsibility and social expectations. Family pressure, marital issues, and daily life problems further increased stress levels.Overall, the study highlights that psychological stress should be considered along with medical treatment in fertility care.

Keywords: Stress, Cortisol, Infertility, Fertility, Pakistani Married Couples, Psychological Stress.