PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS AN ANXIOLYTIC STRATEGY IN NON-ATHLETE ADULTS: ASSOCIATIONS WITH TRAIT ANXIETY AND THE ROLE OF BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS

Abstract

Background: Trait anxiety a stable predisposition to perceive situations as threatening represents a substantial mental health burden globally; yet accessible non-pharmacological strategies for its management remain underutilized. Physical activity is a compelling candidate; however, its effects specifically among non-athlete adults, who face distinct barriers and motivational profiles, are poorly characterized. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity (overall level and its constituent dimensions of frequency, intensity, and duration) and trait anxiety in non-athlete adults, and to identify the barriers and facilitators influencing physical activity engagement as an anxiety-management strategy. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 270 non-athlete adults aged 18–50 years (M = 55% male, 45% female) recruited via convenience sampling from community and workplace settings. Trait anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Trait subscale (STAI-T; Spielberger et al., 1983), and physical activity was assessed through a validated self-report questionnaire covering frequency, intensity, and duration. Quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson correlation; qualitative open-ended responses were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Overall physical activity level was negatively and significantly associated with trait anxiety (r = −.42, p < .01). Among the three dimensions, duration demonstrated the strongest inverse relationship (r = −.41, p < .01), followed by frequency (r = −.38, p < .01) and intensity (r = −.29, p < .05). Thematic analysis identified lack of time and low motivation as the primary barriers, while perceived stress relief and social support emerged as the predominant facilitators. Conclusion: Regular, sustained physical activity is meaningfully associated with lower trait anxiety in non-athlete adults, with duration and frequency carrying greater salience than exercise intensity. Interventions targeting time management, social support, and routine formation may enhance physical activity uptake and thereby improve long-term mental health in this population.